Multiple factors contribute: aggressive brushing with a hard-bristled brush, periodontal disease (the most common cause of generalized recession), thin gingival biotype (genetic), tooth position (teeth that sit outside the arch are more susceptible), orthodontic movement through thin bone, bruxism, and lip or tongue piercings that chronically contact the gum tissue.

The procedure is performed under local anesthesia, so the surgery itself is painless. Post-operative discomfort is moderate — most patients describe it as soreness rather than acute pain. The palatal donor site (when used) is the primary source of discomfort for the first few days. Over-the-counter analgesics, soft foods, and the prescribed oral rinse manage symptoms effectively. IV sedation is available for patients who prefer to sleep through the procedure.

Soft tissue healing at the graft site takes two to three weeks for initial closure. The palatal donor site heals within seven to fourteen days. Most patients return to normal eating within one to two weeks. Full tissue maturation (final color, texture, and thickness) continues for three to six months. Post-operative activity restrictions include avoiding exercise for 48 hours and not brushing the surgical site for two weeks.

Connective tissue grafts (placed beneath a flap of your own tissue) produce excellent color matching because the overlying tissue provides the visible surface color. Free gingival grafts may appear slightly lighter or more textured than surrounding tissue. Allografts also produce good aesthetic outcomes. Color blending improves over the maturation period as the tissue vascularizes and integrates.

The graft itself creates a permanent tissue augmentation. However, the factors that caused the original recession — aggressive brushing, periodontal disease, bruxism — can cause additional recession if not addressed. Post-surgical home care instructions include using a soft brush with gentle technique, maintaining periodontal health, and wearing a night guard if bruxism is a contributing factor.

Cost depends on the number of teeth treated, the graft technique used, and whether donor tissue is harvested from the palate or allograft material is used. Most dental insurance plans cover gum grafting as a periodontal procedure. The front desk verifies your specific benefits and provides a cost estimate before treatment.

No. While gum grafting improves the appearance of the smile line, its primary clinical purpose is protecting exposed root surfaces from caries, sensitivity, and continued recession. Root surfaces lack the enamel protection that crown surfaces have and are significantly more vulnerable to decay and wear. Gum grafting is a functional procedure with aesthetic benefits.

For mild recession without symptoms, monitoring may be appropriate. Desensitizing agents and bonded composite resin can address sensitivity and protect exposed roots. However, these are palliative measures — they do not restore the lost tissue or prevent continued recession. For progressive recession or recession causing functional problems, grafting is the definitive treatment.

Yes. Multiple adjacent teeth can be treated in a single surgical session. The number treated per session depends on the tissue available (palatal donor site capacity), the extent of recession, and the patient's tolerance. Treating multiple teeth simultaneously is more efficient and reduces the total number of surgical appointments and healing periods.

An allograft is processed human donor tissue (acellular dermal matrix) used as an alternative to harvesting tissue from the patient's own palate. The processing removes all cellular material, eliminating rejection risk and disease transmission. Systematic reviews demonstrate root coverage outcomes comparable to autogenous connective tissue grafts. Allografts eliminate palatal donor site morbidity, reducing post-operative discomfort and healing time.

Success rates depend on recession classification. Miller Class I and II recessions (with intact interproximal bone) achieve complete or near-complete root coverage in 85 to 100 percent of cases. Class III recessions achieve partial coverage. The clinician assesses recession classification during the consultation and communicates realistic coverage expectations before proceeding.

The surgical site must not be brushed for approximately two weeks after surgery. After healing, a modified brushing technique using a soft or ultra-soft brush with gentle circular motions replaces any prior aggressive horizontal scrubbing. If aggressive brushing contributed to the original recession, correcting this habit is essential to protecting the graft long-term.

Yes, if progressive. Severe recession exposes enough root surface that the tooth loses significant periodontal attachment and supporting bone. Additionally, exposed roots are highly susceptible to root caries, which can undermine the tooth at the gum line. Early intervention — grafting before recession becomes advanced — preserves both the tissue and the tooth.

IV sedation is available at ADSC for patients who prefer it. Many patients choose IV sedation for gum graft surgery because it eliminates awareness of the procedure entirely, allows the clinician to work without time pressure from patient anxiety, and produces no memory of the surgical experience. Local anesthesia alone is also an option for patients comfortable with that approach.

Clinical indicators include visible root exposure, progressive recession documented at consecutive appointments, tooth sensitivity to cold at the gum line, loss of keratinized (firm, pink) tissue around a tooth or implant, and root caries at the recession margin. The periodontal evaluation at ADSC measures recession depth, tissue thickness, and keratinized tissue width to determine whether grafting is indicated.